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Tartaric acid, sometimes called racemic acid, is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid that naturally occurs in plants, wine, and many fruits, such as grapes, tamarinds, citrus, and bananas. The acid is available as a white crystalline solid that’s soluble in water. Its...

When it comes to building and construction, the choice of concrete mix is diverse, and creating the right one is vital to effectively completing a project. A typical mortar or concrete mix comprises cement, aggregate, sand, and water. However, water can be added at...

White cement is a type of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) which is used for its high whiteness for decorative concrete applications. It is similar to grey Portland cement in all aspects but differs in fineness and colour. Production of White Cement The manufacturing...

Ammonium sulphate and aluminium sulphate are two different sulphate salts, bonded to different chemical compounds- aluminium, which is an element, and ammonium, which is a charged molecule (ion). The main distinction between ammonium sulphate and aluminium sulphate is...

Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is a special kind of concrete composed of cement aggregates, mortar or concrete, and a certain type of fibres. Fibres are added to improve tensile strength, increase durability, and increase its structural integrity. Fibres also control...

Lithium is the third element in the periodic table and possesses several exciting properties that make it ideal for a wide range of uses. As an inorganic lithium compound, lithium carbonate has been used for years in various industrial applications and is among the...

Lignosulfonates are polyelectrolyte polymers produced from the pulping process of bamboo and wood. These water-soluble polymers deliver excellent dispersant properties and are typically used in various processes due to their renewability and versatility. They are...

Paint is a mixture of opaque pigments combined in a liquid that is used to improve the aesthetics of a surface. Coatings, on the other hand, help improve performance. Since they serve as the first line of defense between assets and the environment, understanding...

Sodium molybdate is an excellent source of molybdenum, a pure white, free-flowing, crystalline salt that’s commonly available as the dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O). Traditionally, sodium molybdate was produced by the process of hydration. Another convenient way to prepare...

Melamine is a common chemical used in various industries and is generally used on its own or bound to other compounds. It is a common by-product in the coal industry and is used to manufacture bowls, plates, industrial coatings, plastic products, and paper products....

Friction materials are substances that produce friction between solid surfaces in order to control and/or stop movement and inertia. They are commonly found in all kinds of vehicles; specifically brake pads, clutch discs and brake linings, to name a few. Friction...

As the lubricant industry seeks to optimise the production of top-quality products, there is a growing demand to incorporate inherently unstable, cracked, and highly olefinic components into petroleum products. Adding these components can result in undesirable product...